Cranberry

Common Names: cranberry, American cranberry, bearberry

Latin Names: Vaccinium macrocarpon (also known as Oxycoccus macrocarpos), Vaccinium oxycoccos

Background

• Cranberry is an evergreen shrub that grows in wet habitats in the Northeastern and North Central parts of the United States.
• Historically, cranberry fruits or leaves were used for bladder, stomach, and liver disorders, as well as diabetes, wounds, and other conditions.
• Today, cranberry is most commonly promoted for urinary tract infections (UTIs).

NUTRITION FACTS

Fresh cranberries are nearly 90% water, but the rest is mostly carbs and fiber.

The main nutrients in 1 cup (100 grams) of raw, unsweetened cranberries are :

• Calories: 46
• Water: 87%
• Protein: 0.4 grams
• Carbs: 12.2 grams
• Sugar: 4 grams
• Fiber: 4.6 grams
• Fat: 0.1 grams

Carbs and Fiber

Cranberries are primarily composed of carbs and fiber .

These are mainly simple sugars, such as sucrose, glucose, and fructose .

The rest is made up of insoluble fiber — such as pectin, cellulose, and hemicellulose — which pass through your gut almost intact.

Cranberries also contain soluble fiber. For this reason, excessive consumption of cranberries may cause digestive symptoms, such as diarrhea.

On the other hand, cranberry juice contains virtually no fiber and is usually diluted with other fruit juices — and sweetened with added sugar.

Vitamins and Minerals

Cranberries are a rich source of several vitamins and minerals, especially vitamin C.

• Vitamin C. Also known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C is one of the predominant antioxidants in cranberries. It is essential for the maintenance of your skin, muscles, and bone.
• Manganese. Found in most foods, manganese is essential for growth, metabolism, and your body’s antioxidant system.
• Vitamin E. A class of essential fat-soluble antioxidants.
• Vitamin K1. Also known as phylloquinone, vitamin K1 is essential for blood clotting.
• Copper. A trace element, often low in the Western diet. Inadequate copper intake may have adverse effects on heart health.

PREVENTION OF URINARY TRACT INFECTION

UTIs are among the most common bacterial infections — especially among women .

They’re most often caused by the intestinal bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli), which attaches itself to the inner surface of your bladder and urinary tract.

Cranberries contain unique phytonutrients known as A-type proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins.

A-type proanthocyanidins prevent E. coli from attaching to the lining of your bladder and urinary tract, making cranberries a potential preventive measure against UTIs

In fact, cranberries are among the richest fruit sources of proanthocyanins — especially the A-type.

A number of human studies indicate that drinking cranberry juice or taking cranberry supplements may reduce the risk of UTIs in both children and adults ).

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses support these findings, especially for women with recurrent UTIs .

In contrast, a few studies have not found any significant benefits .

Not all cranberry products are effective against UTIs. In fact, proanthocyanins may be lost during processing, making them undetectable in many products.

On the other hand, cranberry supplements — which contain sufficient amounts of A-type proanthocyanidins — may be a useful preventive strategy.

If you suspect that you have a UTI, talk to your healthcare professional. The primary course of treatment should be antibiotics.

Keep in mind that cranberries are not effective for treating infections. They only reduce your risk of getting them in the first place.

Cranberries may have a number of other beneficial health effects.

Prevention of Stomach Cancer and Ulcers

Stomach cancer is a common cause of cancer-related death worldwide .

Infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is considered a major cause of stomach cancer, stomach inflammation, and ulcers .

Cranberries contain unique plant compounds known as A-type proanthocyanins, which may cut your risk of stomach cancer by preventing H. pylori from attaching to the lining of your stomach .

One study in 189 adults suggested that drinking 2.1 cups (500 ml) of cranberry juice daily may significantly reduce H. pylori infections .

Another study in 295 children found that daily consumption of cranberry juice for 3 weeks suppressed the growth of H. pylori in about 17% of those infected .

Heart Health

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide.

Cranberries contain various antioxidants that may be beneficial for heart health. These include anthocyanins, proanthocyanins, and quercetin .

In human studies, cranberry juice or extracts have proven beneficial for various heart disease risk factors. Cranberry products may help by :

• increasing your levels of HDL (good) cholesterol
• lowering levels of LDL (bad) cholesterol in people with diabetes
• protecting LDL (bad) cholesterol from oxidation
• decreasing stiffness in blood vessels among people with heart disease
• lowering blood pressure
• decreasing blood levels of homocysteine, thus cutting your risk of inflammation in blood vessels

That said, not all studies found similar results.

SAFETY AND SIDE EFFECTS

Cranberries and cranberry products are usually safe for most people if consumed in moderation.

However, excessive consumption may cause stomach upset and diarrhea — and may also increase the risk of kidney stones in predisposed individuals.

Kidney Stones

Kidney stones form when certain minerals in your urine reach high concentrations. It is often very painful.

You can minimize your risk through your diet.

Most kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate, so excessive amounts of oxalate in your urine is one of the main risk factors.

Cranberries — especially concentrated cranberry extracts — may contain high levels of oxalates. For this reason, they are considered a risk factor for kidney stones when consumed in high amounts .

However, human studies have provided conflicting results and the issue requires further research .

Susceptibility to developing kidney stones varies between individuals. In most people, cranberries probably do not significantly affect kidney stone formation.

Still, if you are prone to getting kidney stones, it may be sensible to limit your consumption of cranberries and other high-oxalate foods.

CONCULSION

Cranberries are widely consumed dried, as a juice, or in supplements.

They’re a good source of a few vitamins and minerals — and exceptionally rich in several unique plant compounds.

Some of these compounds may help prevent UTIs, stomach cancer, and heart disease.

@healthqueries.in